Researchers from the University of Sydney, Australia have found that creatine, an energy-storing compound made by the body, improved memory and increased intelligence.

In a double-blind crossover study, 45 vegetarian adults—vegetarians were chosen because meat is a source of creatine—received 5 grams of creatine per day or a placebo for six weeks, followed by a six-week supplement-free washout period, and a final six weeks where the groups switched therapies. Participants completed memory and IQ tests at the beginning of the study, at the end of the first six weeks, and at the end of the final six weeks. According to the findings, those who supplemented with creatine had improved brain function. In a series of 15-minute numerical memory tests, the placebo group was able to recall seven digits on average while the creatine group recalled 8.5 digits, a 21% enhancement. Those in the treatment group also performed better on IQ tests than did those in the placebo group.

Scientists believe creatine plays a role in brain energy, an assumption that is supported by these findings. Increasing energy available to the brain augments its power, improving general functioning and ability.

Taking creatine supplements over long periods is not recommended, according to the researchers. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration advises consumers to consult a physician before taking creatine on a regular basis, and some doctors’ groups have warned that creatine may cause dehydration, heat-related illnesses, reduced blood volume, and electrolyte imbalances.

Reference: Proceedings: Biological Sciences; 2003, Vol. 270, No. 1529, 2147-50.

Tags: brain, creatine, memory

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